Sulphurized glyceryl esters of tall oil and method for making same



.; ne very satisfactory process for this Patentetioot. 2. 1945 I 1 rhesus PATEN I row sunrnuarzm understatement-WALL 10mm sun-mop ma sumo earn: 1

Giii'ord D; Davis. South and Edwin J.

, ;.Barth,last9ra nge,NJ., rstoNational- (lilhoducts compannflarrhon, N..J.,acorpo.-"

ration of New Jersey No Drawing. Application June 3, 1943, serialflmlllm 1 sass-s, (oases-41s);

This invention relates to sulphurized composi tions, and more particularly to'sulphurised products of the glycerides of tall oil acids. 1 It is well known that various oils, when treated of. tall oil to-produce sulphurized compos sitions accordingto this inventioni treatment with gsulphuryl halides; sulphur oxyhalides, active sul-'- phur-on elementary sulphur being suitable, the

with 'sulphurizing agents. acquire yery, desirable -j5 last-named treatment being preierred on account 1 lubricating p rties, and a wide variety of such materials have been subjected to this treatment. in an effort to discover the most desirable and economical compositions of this type. Binceioils vvary greatly in price. availabilityv and special '1 chemical and physical properties, it will-be seen- 7 that a considerable fleld exists for. the introduction of novelsulphurized compositions having im proved properties and low cost.

It has been'discovered by invention that 1 the glyceryl esters of tall oiLmay be withw sulphurising agents to yield products which are by verydesirable lubricating-properties. no o n s e i v ims-o s pressure propertiesi; e., the ability" to lubricate-surfaces whiehare rubbing together 1: under-high; pressures Theproducts'ot this in- V.

ventionmay. be made by the use oi any customary sulphurizing-agent, the sulphurizing-reactlon. proceeding smoothlyand withoutuntoward side Moreover; the starting material. the "glyceryl esters of tall oil, may be made from readily and cheaply proourable tail on. .By reason of these factors, this invention provides sat-v isiactory and cheansulphurized Pr ducts. which have come into extensive use in the metal working tall'oil glycerlde starting materials of this invention may be producedhy esteriiyins, with slycerine, any or the various erodes of crude. refined and/ordistilled-tall oils. which'are well known products abundantly produced incidentally to'the variou'salkaline wood pulping processea'.

The esteriflcation' of these materials with IlYCEb ine to turnish the glyceride starting materials; 1 employed'in'this invention may be eliected in accordance with known esteriiication procedures.

237s,6'l4,'invo1ving' a simple heating together of :iycerol and tall oil, with or without the presence of a catalyst such as ZnO. On account of P *the cheapness and abundance of tall oil.- and in V so face-oi metallic objects. so as to prevent corrosion oil zlyceryl esters aflord a cheap and readily available starting material for use 'in' this invention.

As stated above, any of the usual sulphurizlna oi its simplicityreheapness and independence oi. special techniques or apparatus; a treatment with elementary sulphur is carried out byagitating and heating, the esteriiied tall oil together with between about 2 and, about 20% of sulphur; based on the total charge, at tempera:

tures between about 300 and-about 380 F. preferably in the neighborhood of 350- F. m from about 4 to about. 19 hours. If only a small-amount o! -sulphur--say from 2% to 570-1 43 to be incorporated, practically the entire quantity of sui- .phur may be incorporaied at the very b ginning.

--othereaction; on the other hand, when-greater proportions oi suiphursay from 7% to 1.0%-

are incorporated, it is-preierred to-indueethe by adding the sulphur ingsmal'l portions 'overia period of two hours or so. With greater proportions oi sulphunthe addition of sulphur will be carried out, over correspondingly longer periods oi-time; precaution should be taken. however. to avoid undue prolongation of the period of sulphur addition; since undesirableside-reactions are apt to occur when this is done.

' Following the'sulph'uriz'ation reaction, the mass is preierably blown with air or an inert gas, so

as to'remove any disagreeable-smelling volatile material which may have been developed therein. --'liie resultant sulphurized products are characterized by lushly'desirablelubricating properties; including oiliness, wetting power; tenacity and extreme pressure properties. The sulphurized products are extensively soluble'in 'awide variety of paramnic, andcespeciaily naphthenic; lubricatlubricating qualities to the compositions 'as a whole. Such blends are particularlyuseful as metal-working oils such as cutting; boring. drill I ing. sawinm'anddie lubricants. The products are vheingdisclosed in the patent to Besessemann No. 46 further useiul as ingredients in extreme pressure lubricants for highly stressed machine bearing surfaces, as hypoid sears, clutches, etc. Moreover, the compositions of this invention have the property of forming tenacious nlms upon the surmounts and procedures are efleetive'ni the treatu woisbt.

In general,

ink oils, and when sodissolved impart desirable- Ewamplel 1 Parts Glweryl esters of tall oil 83 Sulphur 17 The tall oil'esters were heated to 330 F. m a

steam jacketed kettle provided with a stirringmechanism, the temperature being maintained, and the stirring being continued, for 4' hours. The sulphur was added gradually during this period accordins to the scheduler Parts During the first hour 8 During the next 1% hours 4 During the next A hour 2 During the next hour 2 At the end-ot this 4 hour induction period, the temperature was raised to 350 F., and this tem perature maintained and stirring continued for 2 hours tofinish the reaction. Thereafter, the batch-was cooled to 200' 1"., and air was blown throushtne charge'ior 2 hours to remove any malodorous and unstable by-products oi. the reacamnic lubricating oil exhibited subetantiallythc same excellent lubricating properties, anticorrosion properties and stability characteristics the blend made in accordance with Example 1.

Example III Glyceryl esters of tall oil 95 Sulphur c The above ingredients were reacted together exactly as were the corresponding ingredients oi Example II. Therresultant product was stable, andi'reely miscible in paraflinic and naphthenic lubricating oils to yield blends suitable for metal working processes.

' Emmpte IV V Parts Glyceryl esters of tall oil 8'! Sulphur... 13

tion. Finally, the charge was drained from the V vessel and cooled. The product so produced was found to contain'the sulphur in'firmlylccmbined iorm, showing no tendency to decompose 1 over long periods of time even at somewhat elevated temperatures. I a

20 parts of the sulphurized tall oil produced as just described were blended with 80 parts of a naphthenic lubricating oil. The resultant blend was found hishly suitable as a lubricant in cutting milling, sawing, broachins'. drawing and like'metal-working processes. The blend had,

moreover, the; property or forming a tenacious The above ingredients were mixed cold in a jacketed kettle provided with an agitator. With continued'agitation, the charge was heated according to the program: i

First hour 7 300 Next 1% hours 300 Next 2 hours r q 320 ,"lhecharge was'then cooled to 200 F., blown him over metallic surfaces treated therewith, so-

as to prevent corrosion thereof during subsequent 49 and storage. The blend'was absolute- 1y non-corrosive to metallic surfaces at ordinary temperatures, and made no attack upon copper;

steel. or brass surfaces at temperatures as high The tall oil esters and sulphur were mixed cold in a jacketed kettle provided with an agitator.

. With continued agitation. the temperature of the mass was gradually raised to 250' 1''. over a period the end of which time the sulphur was completely reacted. The charge was cooled to 200' F. and blown with air for 1 hour. The charge was then drained out and cooled. A blend oi 20-partsor the sulphurised product and 00 parts of a par v of 1% hours. Thereafter, with further continued 7 stirring, the temperature was raised to 820 R,

which temperature was maintained for 2 hours, at

with air for 2 hours, drained oil, and cooled. "The product had substantially the same uses and properties as the product of Example I.

From the foregoing general discussion and apeciflc examples, it will be seen that there are provided by this invention novel sulphurized, compositions, having technically desirable lubricating and anti-corrosion properties. The products may, moreover, be made from the readily procurable tall 011 glycerides and sulphur, by the use 01. ordinary equipment and techniques.

What is specifically claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is; I

1. As a new composition of matter,- sulphurize'd glyceryl esters of tall oil.

2. As a new composition of matter, sulphurized glyceryl esters of tall oil containing iromabout 2% to about 20% of sulphur in chemical combi-' nation therewith.

3. Process which comprises reacting the glyceryl estersoi' tall oil with elementary sulphur at temperatures from about 300 to about 380 F. for from about 4 to about 10 hours. Y

4. Process according-to claim 3, in which 7% to 20% of sulphur is reacted with the glyceryl esters, and-in which the. sulphur is added in small portions over the initial period 01' the reaction. 7 5. Process according to claim 8', in which-the 'sulphurized esters are subsequently blown with air ' GIFFORD D. DAVI B.

EDWIN J. EARTH. 

